Algeria: Deserts and Living Heritage

Feminism in Algeria is a complex and multidimensional movement, shaped by unique historical, cultural, and political dynamics. Its evolution reflects the challenges faced by Algerian women in a context of modernization, social conservatism, and political struggles.

Historical and Cultural Context

Colonization and Independence

French Colonization: During the colonial period, Algerian women played an active role in the struggle for independence. Female resistance has often been marginalized or overlooked in dominant historical narratives, but it was essential in nationalist and liberation movements.

Post-Independence: After gaining independence in 1962, the Algerian feminist movement focused on the struggle for civil and political rights. However, the fight for gender equality had to adapt to a constantly evolving political and social context.

Influence of Tradition and Religion

Islam and Traditions: Algeria is a predominantly Muslim country, and cultural traditions deeply influence the perception and status of women. Religious and traditional norms play an important role in defining gender roles and women’s rights.

Legislation: The Algerian Family Code, which governs aspects of family life, is influenced by Sharia principles. Although reforms have been made, some laws continue to perpetuate inequalities, particularly regarding divorce, child custody, and inheritance.

Evolution of the Feminist Movement

Early Initiatives

1960s-1980s: The early years after independence saw feminist initiatives focused on education and improving women’s living conditions. Feminists often worked within government institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to promote reforms.

1990s and 2000s

Conflict and Turbulence: The 1990s, marked by civil war, complicated feminist efforts. The conflict exacerbated inequalities and violence against women. Nevertheless, activists continued to advance their causes, often focusing on combating domestic violence and the rights of women affected by war.

Reforms and Advancements: In the 2000s, feminist movements gained visibility. Campaigns were conducted for the reform of the Family Code and against gender-based violence. Social media facilitated better organization and broader dissemination of feminist ideas.

Current Challenges and Perspectives

Struggle for Rights: Feminist activists continue to fight for equal rights, including the reform of discriminatory laws and the promotion of equality in employment and public life.

Resistance and Repression: Feminists face considerable resistance from conservatives and authorities. Attempts to modernize laws and attitudes are often thwarted by conservative political and social forces.

Emergence of New Voices: New generations of activists use social media to challenge traditional norms and advance women’s rights, focusing on issues such as sexual harassment, wage equality, and reproductive rights.

Feminism in Algeria is a dynamic and evolving struggle, facing unique challenges related to the country’s history, culture, and politics. Algerian feminists continue to work for equality and women’s rights in a often difficult context, seeking to balance tradition and modernity while facing both political and social resistance. The movement’s progress is the result of persistent efforts and the ability of activists to adapt and innovate in their strategies.

Homosexuality in Algeria

Algeria, like many countries in North Africa and the Middle East, adopts a strictly conservative and repressive stance towards homosexuality. This position is shaped by several factors, including the influence of religious norms, sociocultural structures, and the prevailing legal framework.

Legal Framework

Homosexuality is explicitly criminalized in Algeria. According to Article 338 of the Algerian Penal Code, homosexual acts are punishable by imprisonment ranging from two months to two years, as well as fines. This legislation reflects the punitive approach adopted by the state towards sexual minorities, aligned with a strict interpretation of Islamic law (sharia), which is a source of inspiration for Algerian law.

Religious Influence

Islam, the predominant religion in Algeria, plays a central role in shaping social and legal norms. Homosexuality is widely considered a sin and a moral deviation, a perception reinforced by religious sermons and official discourse. Religious authorities significantly influence public opinion, encouraging a view of homosexuality as contrary to Islamic values and natural order.

Sociocultural Context

Algerian society is predominantly conservative, with social norms that value traditional family structures and classic gender roles. Homosexuality is often seen as a threat to social cohesion and family integrity, leading to intense social stigma. LGBTQ+ individuals are frequently compelled to maintain discretion, under threat of marginalization, familial rejection, or even physical violence.

Political Context

Political discourse in Algeria is also hostile towards homosexuality. Authorities sometimes use the repression of sexual minorities to divert attention from economic and social issues or to bolster their legitimacy with the conservative populace. LGBTQ+ rights movements are virtually nonexistent due to political repression and lack of freedom of expression on these topics.

Public Opinion

Surveys and sociological studies indicate strong disapproval of homosexuality within the Algerian population. This is due to a combination of religious teaching, social norms, and lack of education on sexual diversity issues. Hostile attitudes and prejudice against LGBTQ+ individuals are common, and they are often forced to live in secrecy to avoid persecution.

Evolution and Perspectives

Despite this prevailing stance, some voices, particularly within the Algerian diaspora and among younger generations, are calling for greater tolerance and a revision of repressive laws. Social media and the internet also provide spaces for discussion and support for LGBTQ+ individuals, though these spaces are often monitored and repressed.

In summary, Algeria’s position on homosexuality is marked by strong legal repression, social stigma, and conservative religious influence. Immediate progress toward greater acceptance seems challenging due to social, religious, and political constraints. However, as in many countries, human rights movements and access to information continue to play a crucial role in raising awareness and advocating for the rights of sexual minorities.

ALGERIA: intelligence and security agencies

In Algeria, intelligence and security agencies play a crucial role in maintaining stability and public order. Here is a detailed overview of the main agencies:

Department of Intelligence and Security (DRS)The Department of Intelligence and Security (DRS), also known as the Département du Renseignement et de la Sécurité, was Algeria’s primary intelligence agency, established in 1990. Its main role was to ensure internal security and gather intelligence on potential threats, both domestic and foreign. The DRS was involved in counterterrorism, counterespionage, and the surveillance of political and economic activities that could pose a threat to the state.Reorganization in 2016: In 2016, amidst reforms and political changes, the DRS was reorganized, with its responsibilities being transferred to other agencies. This reorganization marked a significant shift in the structure of Algeria’s intelligence services, with a focus on increased transparency and a revision of its traditional roles.
Presidential Security Delegation (DSP)The Presidential Security Delegation (DSP) is responsible for the direct protection of the President of the Republic and members of the presidency. This agency’s mission is to ensure the security of presidential institutions and prevent any risks or threats that could affect the head of state. In addition to physical security, the DSP also has intelligence functions to detect and neutralize potential threats against the presidency, including assassination attempts or conspiracies.
General Directorate of National Security (DGST)The General Directorate of National Security (DGST), also known as Sûreté Nationale, is Algeria’s main police agency. It is responsible for internal security, focusing particularly on crime, terrorism, and social unrest. The DGST plays a key role in preventing and suppressing criminal activities and conducts intelligence operations to identify and counter threats to public order. This agency is also involved in criminal investigations and managing emergency situations.
National People’s Army (ANP)The National People’s Army (ANP) is Algeria’s primary military force, and it also plays a significant role in intelligence. While its primary focus is national defense, the ANP has integrated intelligence services that focus on border security, countering armed groups, and external threats. The ANP’s intelligence services monitor military and paramilitary activities and provide strategic information to support the country’s defense operations.

Agency Coordination

These various agencies work in close coordination to ensure Algeria’s national security and stability. They share information and collaborate in joint operations to prevent both internal and external threats. Their cooperation is essential to maintaining a high level of security, detecting and neutralizing risks, and ensuring public order in the country.

Algeria

Algeria

Algeria, located in North Africa, has a rich and complex history that spans several millennia. The formation of modern Algeria is the result of multiple cultural, colonial, and revolutionary influences.

Early Civilizations

Ancient Civilizations: The earliest inhabitants of Algeria were the Berbers, whose presence dates back thousands of years before our era. The Berbers left traces of their civilization in rock paintings and megalithic monuments.
Phoenician and Roman Influences: Around the 12th century BC, the Phoenicians established trading posts along the Algerian coast, including the city of Carthage. Later, the Roman Empire annexed the region, making Algeria a flourishing Roman province.

The Islamic Period

Arab Conquest: In the 7th century, Arab Muslims conquered Algeria, introducing Islam and the Arabic language. This period marked a significant cultural turning point for the region.
Islamic Dynasties: Several Muslim dynasties ruled Algeria, including the Almoravids, Almohads, and Zianids, each leaving a lasting impact on the country’s political and cultural landscape.

French Colonization

French Invasion: In 1830, France invaded Algeria, beginning a period of colonization that would last 132 years. French colonization profoundly transformed Algerian society, creating social and economic tensions.
Repression and Resistance: French rule was marked by severe repression, but also by continuous resistance from Algerians. Figures such as Emir Abd el-Kader emerged as leaders of the resistance against French occupation.

The Struggle for Independence

Rise of Nationalism: In the 20th century, nationalist sentiment began to crystallize. The Algerian nationalist movement gained momentum with the creation of various political parties and organizations, such as the Algerian People’s Party (PPA) and the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD).
War of Independence: On November 1, 1954, the National Liberation Front (FLN) launched an armed insurrection against French colonial forces, marking the beginning of the Algerian War of Independence. This brutal conflict, which lasted eight years, resulted in hundreds of thousands of casualties and deeply affected both nations.

Independence and the Birth of the Algerian Republic

Evian Accords: On March 18, 1962, the Evian Accords were signed, ending the Algerian War and paving the way for independence. On July 5, 1962, Algeria officially proclaimed its independence.
Establishment of the Government: Ahmed Ben Bella became the first president of independent Algeria. However, his government quickly faced internal political challenges, culminating in a coup d’état in 1965 led by Houari Boumédiène.

Modern Algeria

Economic and Social Development: Since its independence, Algeria has faced numerous challenges, including economic development, diversifying its economy beyond hydrocarbons, and modernizing its infrastructure.
Political Issues: Algeria’s political life has been marked by periods of stability and turmoil, including the civil war of the 1990s. However, the country continues to strengthen and seek ways to ensure sustainable and inclusive development.

The birth of Algeria is a story of struggle, resilience, and transformation. From its ancient roots to modern challenges, Algeria continues to develop as a sovereign nation, preserving its rich cultural heritage while adapting to contemporary realities.

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Interview : Nadège, 28 years old, Nurse

Smail: Hello Nadège, how long have you been a nurse already?

Nadège: Hello Smail, I have been working as a nurse for ten years now.

Smail: Impressive! So, let’s talk a bit about Algerian men. You told me you have strong opinions on the subject. Can you tell me more?

Nadège: Yes, of course. I think the majority of Algerian men are respectable. They uphold deep values of respect towards women and the family in general. This is something I admire a lot about them.

Smail: That’s a positive perspective. But you also mentioned that there is a less flattering side. Can you explain?

Nadège: Absolutely. Alongside this respectful majority, there are also those who are antisemitic, sexist, racist, and who respect no one, not even themselves. Their attitudes are frankly disgusting.

Smail: What do you think explains these behaviors?

Nadège: I believe it can be due to several factors. There is probably an inferiority complex in some, a hurtful stigma that pushes them to act aggressively as a form of self-defense. And let’s be honest, there is also a fair amount of natural stupidity.

Smail: Are these attitudes you describe common?

Nadège: Fortunately, no, these individuals are not representative of the Algerian community. Unfortunately, they are often the most visible and loudest, which gives a bad image of the community as a whole.

Smail: How do you deal with these behaviors in your work?

Nadège: As a nurse, I am trained to treat everyone with the same respect, regardless of their attitudes. But that doesn’t mean I tolerate disrespect. I try to stay professional and not let their behavior affect me personally, even though it’s not always easy.

Smail: It must be difficult sometimes. What message would you like to convey to those who perpetuate these negative behaviors?

Nadège: I would tell them to look at themselves in a mirror and think about what they truly want to represent. Their behavior harms not only themselves but the entire community. Respect begins with oneself, and they must learn to respect themselves before they can respect others.

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Film related to Algeria

« The Battle of Algiers » (1966): Directed by Gillo Pontecorvo, this film portrays the historical events of the Battle of Algiers, which took place during Algeria’s war of independence against colonial France. The film is acclaimed for its realistic and immersive depiction of historical events, as well as its profound political and social significance.

Synopsis: « The Battle of Algiers » focuses primarily on the events that occurred in Algiers between 1954 and 1957, when the National Liberation Front (FLN) waged a clandestine struggle against the French colonial forces. The film traces the urban guerrilla strategies employed by the FLN and the brutal repression carried out by the French paratroopers under General Massu.

Themes Explored:

Struggle for Independence: The film powerfully illustrates the efforts of the Algerian people to achieve political and national independence in the face of French colonial occupation. It highlights the sacrifices and challenges faced by the freedom fighters, as well as the moral and political dilemmas they encounter.
Colonialism and Oppression: « The Battle of Algiers » explores the injustices of French colonialism in Algeria, shedding light on the abuses of power, torture, and repression exercised by the colonial forces. The film presents an unflinching look at the human consequences of colonial domination.
Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: The film also examines the strategies and tactics used by both the FLN and the French forces in an asymmetric warfare context, where civilians are often caught in the crossfire.

Impact and Legacy: « The Battle of Algiers » has had significant impact both cinematically and politically. It has been praised for its committed direction, documentary realism, and its ability to provoke critical reflection on issues of power, justice, and resistance. The film was also controversial upon its release due to its candid depiction of torture and violence during the war of independence.

Historically, « The Battle of Algiers » has been used as a teaching tool in military academies and counter-insurgency schools due to its historical accuracy and tactical relevance. It remains an essential film for understanding the modern history of Algeria and the struggles for national independence.

In conclusion, « The Battle of Algiers » is widely regarded as one of the best films about Algeria due to its profound and nuanced treatment of key historical events and its lasting impact on cinema and collective memory.

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Novel linked to Algeria

« L’Amour, la Fantasia » by Assia Djebar (1985) is a novel that makes a significant contribution to Algerian and Francophone literature, exploring the complex themes of identity, colonization, and the struggle for independence through the lens of women.

Synopsis: The novel is presented as a meditation on collective and individual memory, intertwining personal history with the collective history of Algeria. Assia Djebar juxtaposes the voices of Algerian and French women to explore the effects of French colonization on Algerian society and gender relations.

Themes Explored:

Female Identity and Silenced Voices: Assia Djebar gives voice to women, who are often marginalized or silenced in official history. She explores how Algerian and French women experienced and interacted within the context of colonization, highlighting their struggles, desires, and resilience in the face of socio-political challenges of their time.
Colonization and Deconstruction of Stereotypes: Through her female characters, Djebar challenges colonial stereotypes and simplistic representations of women in historical narratives. She portrays complex and multifaceted women, fighting for their own autonomy and for the liberation of their country.
Struggle for Independence: The novel also explores the contribution of women to Algeria’s fight for independence. It shows how they were involved in various roles, whether as active combatants, bearers of family and community memories, or as guardians of traditions and cultures threatened by colonial domination.

Literary Style and Impact: Assia Djebar employs a rich and poetic writing style, blending history, memory, and fiction to create a powerful and evocative narrative. Her unique literary approach allows readers to feel the emotional depth and impact of historical events on individual and collective lives.

« L’Amour, la Fantasia » is recognized not only for its literary quality but also for its contribution to a better understanding of colonial and postcolonial dynamics in Algeria. It has been praised for its ability to give women a voice and allow them to reclaim their history and identity in a context often dominated by male narratives.

Conclusion: « L’Amour, la Fantasia » remains an essential work for those interested in postcolonial studies, feminist literature, and the complexity of Algerian history. Assia Djebar presents a powerful and enlightening testimony on the struggles and triumphs of women in the context of colonialism and the quest for national emancipation.

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Quiz on Algeria

What is the capital of Algeria?
What is the area of Algeria?
What is the approximate population of Algeria?
What is the official language of Algeria?
What is the main river in Algeria?
What is the highest point in Algeria?
What currency is used in Algeria?
What is the main religion in Algeria?
What is the name of the desert that covers a large part of Algeria?
In which year did Algeria gain its independence?
Which country colonized Algeria before its independence?
Who is the national hero of Algeria, leader of the resistance against French colonization?
What is the name of the famous mountain range located in Algeria?
What is the largest port city in Algeria?
What is the name of Algeria’s national dish?
What is Algeria’s main natural resource?
What is the name of Algeria’s national anthem?
What is the name of the well-preserved ancient Roman city in Algeria, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site?
What is the name of the Algerian president who served from 1999 to 2019?
What is the name of the traditional Algerian dance known for its rhythm and acrobatic movements?

Answers

What is the capital of Algeria?
- Algiers.
What is the area of Algeria?
- Approximately 2,381,741 km².
What is the approximate population of Algeria?
- Around 44 million (according to recent estimates).
What is the official language of Algeria?
- Arabic and Berber.
What is the main river in Algeria?
- The Cheliff.
What is the highest point in Algeria?
- Mount Tahat (2,918 meters).
What currency is used in Algeria?
- The Algerian dinar.
What is the main religion in Algeria?
- Islam.
What is the name of the desert that covers a large part of Algeria?
- The Sahara.
In which year did Algeria gain its independence?
- 1962.
Which country colonized Algeria before its independence?
- France.
Who is the national hero of Algeria, leader of the resistance against French colonization?
- Emir Abdelkader.
What is the name of the famous mountain range located in Algeria?
- The Aurès.
What is the largest port city in Algeria?
- Oran.
What is the name of Algeria’s national dish?
- Couscous.
What is Algeria’s main natural resource?
- Oil and natural gas.
What is the name of Algeria’s national anthem?
- « Kassaman ».
What is the name of the well-preserved ancient Roman city in Algeria, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site?
- Timgad.
What is the name of the Algerian president who served from 1999 to 2019?
- Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
What is the name of the traditional Algerian dance known for its rhythm and acrobatic movements?
- Raï (Note: Raï is also a musical genre, and traditional dances vary by region, such as Alaoui in the Aurès).

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Sites selling products linked to Algeria

AlgerianStore

Description: AlgerianStore offers a wide range of Algerian products, including traditional clothing, accessories, food items, and cultural articles.
Link: AlgerianStore

Etsy

Description: Etsy is a platform where artisans from around the world sell unique products. You can find Algerian items such as Berber jewelry, traditional rugs, and clothing.
Link: Etsy Algerian Products

Jumia Algeria

Description: Jumia is a major online shopping site in Africa, including Algeria, offering a variety of products ranging from clothing to electronics and food items.
Link: Jumia Algeria

Algeria Market

Description: Algeria Market is a site dedicated to selling Algerian products, including clothing, accessories, beauty products, and household items.
Link: Algeria Market

Boutique Dzair

Description: Boutique Dzair offers Algerian handcrafted products, traditional clothing, jewelry, and decorative items.
Link: Boutique Dzair

BerbereShop

Description: BerbereShop specializes in Berber and North African products, including jewelry, clothing, decorative items, and food products.
Link: BerbereShop

RueduCommerce Algeria

Description: RueduCommerce offers a variety of electronic, household, and clothing products in Algeria.
Link: RueduCommerce Algeria

Amazon

Description: Although Amazon is not specific to Algeria, it offers a wide range of books, music, movies, and other products related to Algerian culture.
Link: Amazon Algeria

Etsy Algeria

Description: Specializing in handcrafted and vintage products, Etsy also offers a variety of Algerian items, ranging from traditional clothing to decorative articles.
Link: Etsy Algeria

Algerian Cuisine

Description: This site is dedicated to selling Algerian food products, offering spices, ingredients, and typical Algerian food items.
Link: Algerian Cuisine

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Incredible events related to Algeria

Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962)

Description: The Algerian War of Independence was an armed conflict between the National Liberation Front (FLN) and the National Liberation Army (ALN) against French colonial forces. It culminated in Algeria gaining independence on July 5, 1962.
Impact: This event marked the end of 132 years of French colonial rule and was crucial for modern Algerian history, affirming its sovereignty and national identity.

Berber Spring (April 1980)

Description: The Berber Spring was a series of protests in Algeria in 1980, primarily among the Berber population, demanding recognition of Berber identity and the promotion of the Berber language and culture.
Impact: Although initially repressed by the government, the Berber Spring played a crucial role in the later official recognition of Amazigh identity in Algeria and inspired a significant cultural and political movement.

Presidential Election and Political Crisis (1991-2002)

Description: In 1991, legislative elections in Algeria were interrupted by a military coup after a predicted victory for the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS). This triggered a decade of violence and conflict between the government and armed Islamist groups.
Impact: The political crisis of the 1990s deeply affected Algeria, leading to significant human losses and lasting economic and social consequences, as well as notable political reforms.

Constitutional Revision and Political Reforms (2019)

Description: In 2019, massive protests known as Hirak took place in Algeria, calling for democratic reforms, an end to the existing regime, and significant political changes.
Impact: These protests led to the resignation of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika and marked a period of political and social change in Algeria, including constitutional revisions and promises of institutional reforms.

Algeria – Africa Cup of Nations (CAN) 2019

Description: The Algerian national football team won the Africa Cup of Nations in 2019, defeating Senegal in the final. It was the second time Algeria had won the title, the first being in 1990.
Impact: This sporting victory strengthened national pride in Algeria, uniting the country and providing a source of joy and unity during a time of political and economic challenges.

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social rules to respect in Algerian culture

Towards the Elderly:

Respect and Deference: The elderly are deeply respected. Show deference by greeting them first, standing up when they enter a room, and offering them the most comfortable seat.

Language and Behavior: Use polite and respectful language. Avoid loud or aggressive discussions in their presence.

Assistance: Offer your help with daily tasks, such as carrying heavy items or accompanying them during travel.

Towards Women:

Respect for Privacy and Dignity: Respect women and their personal space. Avoid any inappropriate behavior or language.

Greetings: Greetings can vary. Some men prefer to avoid shaking hands with women out of respect. Wait for her to extend her hand first if you are a man.

Dress Code: Dress modestly in the presence of women, especially in conservative settings.

Towards Children:

Kindness and Patience: Be kind and patient with children. They are often cherished and valued in Algerian culture.

Participation and Inclusion: Include children in conversations and activities appropriately. Show them interest and kindness.

Education and Correction: If you need to correct a child, do so gently and respectfully, avoiding any form of verbal or physical violence.

During Major Events (Weddings, Funerals, Religious Festivals):

Active Participation: Major events are times for gathering and sharing. Participate actively and show your support to the host family.

Appropriate Attire: Wear appropriate clothing based on the event. Traditional attire is often expected for weddings and other celebrations.

Respectful Behavior: Be respectful of the specific traditions and customs of the event. For example, at funerals, express your condolences with sobriety and respect.

Offerings and Gifts: It is customary to bring gifts or offerings to major events. For weddings, monetary gifts or valuable items are appreciated. During religious festivals, pastries or food products are often given.

Respect for Religious Rites: During religious festivals like Eid, respect the rites and practices even if you are not Muslim. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during Ramadan.

By adhering to these guidelines, you will demonstrate a deep understanding and appreciation of Algerian culture, facilitating harmonious and respectful social interactions.

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main Algerian political leaders

Abdelmadjid Tebboune – President of the Republic since December 2019.

Aïmene Benabderrahmane – Prime Minister since September 2021.

Abdelaziz Djerad – Minister of State and former Prime Minister (2019-2021).

Abdelkader Bensalah – Former interim President of Algeria (April 2019 to December 2019).

Ahmed Ouyahia – Former Prime Minister on multiple occasions.

Liamine Zeroual – Former President of Algeria (1994-1999).

Chadli Bendjedid – President of Algeria (1979-1992).

Abdelaziz Bouteflika – Former President of Algeria (1999-2019).

Taleb Ibrahim – Former Prime Minister.

Sid Ahmed Ghozali – Former Prime Minister.

Mouloud Hamrouche – Former Prime Minister.

Abdelmalek Sellal – Former Prime Minister.

Ahmed Benbitour – Former Prime Minister.

Messaoud Ould Boulkheir – Former President of the National People’s Assembly.

Mohamed Larbi Ould Khelifa – Former President of the National People’s Assembly.

Abdelaziz Belkhadem – Former Prime Minister and Secretary General of the FLN.

Djamel Ould Abbès – Former Secretary General of the FLN.

Mohamed Larbi Ould Khelifa – Former President of the National People’s Assembly.

Ahmed Ouyahia – Former Chief of Staff of the ANP.

Ahmed Gaïd Salah – Former Chief of Staff of the ANP.

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Algerian gastronomy

Couscous: Durum wheat semolina accompanied by meat (usually lamb or chicken), vegetables, and a flavorful sauce.

Tajine: A slow-cooked dish in a clay pot of the same name, with meat, vegetables, dried fruits, and spices.

Chakhchoukha: Hard bread soaked in a spicy tomato sauce, accompanied by meat (mutton), chickpeas, and sometimes hard-boiled eggs.

Chtitha: Spicy stew of meat (mutton or chicken) with vegetables like chickpeas and potatoes.

Brik: Fried pastry filled with tuna, egg, and capers.

Mahjouba: Thick Algerian crepe stuffed with tomatoes and bell peppers, sometimes with meat or eggs.

Rechta: Fine noodles served with a vegetable and meat sauce.

M’halbi: Milk pudding flavored with orange blossom, served as a dessert or sometimes as a main dish.

Dolma: Vine leaves stuffed with rice, minced meat, and spices.

Makroudh: Semolina cake filled with date paste and fried.

Lham Lahlou: Lamb meat cooked with dried apricots, prunes, and honey.

Tlitli: Small pasta made from wheat flour or semolina, often cooked with chicken and vegetables.

Mermez: Meat dish (mutton or chicken) cooked with chickpeas and vegetables, sometimes garnished with prunes.

Kesra: Traditional Algerian bread made from wheat semolina, often accompanied by saucy dishes.

Loubia: White beans cooked with meat, tomatoes, and spices.

Makfoul: Meat dish (usually mutton or chicken) cooked with caramelized onions and almonds.

Mhamsa: Fine couscous semolina with vegetables and meat, often served with a spicy sauce.

Couscous with Seven Vegetables: A variation of traditional couscous with a selection of seven different vegetables.

Jwaz: Dish made with chicken, almonds, prunes, and raisins, often slowly cooked with spices.

Tlitlit Dziri: Very fine pasta dish, often accompanied by a spicy tomato sauce and meat.

These dishes represent a small part of the rich Algerian cuisine, influenced by Berber, Arab, and Mediterranean culinary traditions, using local ingredients and spices to create unique and varied flavors.

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The greatest Algerian fortunes

In Algeria, precise details regarding the private fortunes of individuals are often difficult to obtain due to the confidentiality surrounding personal wealth. This situation is typical in many countries where individuals’ financial data is not generally made public, except in the context of tax declarations or specific regulatory obligations. This means that estimates of the largest fortunes are often based on fragmentary information or economic analyses.

Despite these challenges, some Algerian economic figures are well-known for their influence and success in various sectors. Here are some of these personalities:

Issad Rebrab: Founder and CEO of the Cevital group, Issad Rebrab is an iconic figure in the Algerian economy. Cevital is a diversified conglomerate operating in the food industry, manufacturing, and distribution. Rebrab is reputed for having built one of the largest private companies in Algeria.

Ali Haddad: Former president of the Forum of Business Leaders (FCE), Ali Haddad has been involved in large-scale public works and construction in Algeria. Before his arrest in 2019, he was considered one of the most influential figures in the private sector in Algeria.

Mahieddine Tahkout: A major entrepreneur in the automotive sector, Mahieddine Tahkout is known for founding and leading the Tahkout Manufacturing Company, which includes several automotive brands and other activities in the transportation field.

Abdelmadjid Kerrar: President of the Kerrar group, Abdelmadjid Kerrar specializes in public works and construction in Algeria. His company is involved in various infrastructure projects across the country.

Redha Kouninef: Co-founder of the KouGC group, Redha Kouninef is active in the construction and public works sector. His company has played a significant role in developing infrastructure in Algeria.

Réda Hamiani: Former president of the Forum of Business Leaders (FCE), Réda Hamiani has been associated with various economic sectors in Algeria. He has played a leading role in discussions on economic policies and the country’s industrial development.

Hassen Khelifati: An entrepreneur in the distribution sector, Hassen Khelifati is involved in trade and services in Algeria, thus contributing to the local economy through his businesses.

These figures represent a fraction of the influential entrepreneurs and business leaders in Algeria, each having contributed to the country’s economic development in key sectors such as industry, construction, automotive, and distribution.

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Stars of Algerian song

Men:

Cheb Khaled: An iconic figure in raï music, globally renowned for hits like « Didi » and « Aïcha. »
Cheb Mami: Another cornerstone of raï music, famous for his powerful voice and international collaborations.
Rachid Taha: Blending rock and raï, celebrated for « Ya Rayah » and his unique musical fusion.
Lounès Matoub: A symbol of Kabyle resistance, known for his activist songs defending Berber identity.
Idir: An emblematic voice of Kabyle music, famous for « A Vava Inouva » and his impact on Berber music.
Azzedine: A popular raï singer in Algeria and abroad.
Kamel Messaoudi: An Algerian singer-songwriter known for his popular songs and unique style.
Reda Taliani: A modern raï artist, popular for his dynamic songs and collaborations.
Hakim Salhi: A modern raï singer, known for his hits and stage presence.
Slimane Azem: A legendary figure in Kabyle music, known for his ballads and cultural commitment.
Salim Halali: An Algiers singer known for his interpretation of Arabo-Andalusian and Arabic music.
Ait Menguellet: A Kabyle poet and singer, celebrated for his poetic lyrics and contribution to Berber music.
Houari Benchenet: A raï singer, popular in Algeria for his performances and varied repertoire.
Abdelkader Chaou: An interpreter of Algiers chaâbi music, known for his authentic style and classical compositions.
Hassiba Amrouche: A Kabyle singer, known for her voice and contributions to traditional Algerian music.

Women:

Souad Massi: An engaged singer, blending folk and traditional Algerian music with contemporary influences.
Zahouania: A raï singer, famous for her energetic stage presence and hits like « Ya Hmam. »
Rima Tawil: An Algerian singer known for her voice and interpretations of Arabo-Andalusian music.
Yasmina: Real name Skakni Ouiza, a Kabyle singer from Izerruden.
Malika Domrane: An important figure in Kabyle music, known for her performances and cultural engagement.
Chaba Zahouania: A raï singer, reputed for her dynamic performances and varied repertoire.
Lila Borsali: An Algerian singer specializing in chaâbi music, celebrated for her voice and interpretations.
Safia Chamia: An Algerian singer, famous for her chaâbi music and influence on the Algerian music scene.
Nouria: A raï singer, known for her hits and diversified musical career.
Chérifa: A Kabyle singer, known for her traditional songs and commitment to Berber culture.

This list illustrates the diversity and richness of the Algerian music scene, showcasing artists who have significantly contributed to the country’s musical culture over the decades.

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The biggest superstitions of Algerians

The Algerians, like many cultures around the world, have their own deeply rooted superstitions that permeate their daily lives. Here are some of the most prominent superstitions among Algerians in everyday life:

The Evil Eye (Aïn)

The belief that someone can bring misfortune to another person simply by looking at them with envy is widespread. To protect against the evil eye, many people wear talismans such as the « khamsa » (Hand of Fatima) or blue amulets shaped like an eye.

Djinns and Spirits

Belief in djinns, supernatural beings mentioned in the Quran, is strong. It is thought that they can cause illnesses, accidents, or misfortunes. Specific rituals, such as reciting certain surahs from the Quran, are often used for protection against them.

The Evil Eye and Newborns

Newborns are considered particularly vulnerable to the evil eye. To protect them, parents may tie a red thread or a silver bracelet around the child’s wrist.

Spilled Salt

Spilling salt is considered a sign of bad luck. To ward off misfortune, it is common to throw a pinch of salt over one’s left shoulder.

Black Birds

Seeing a crow or another black bird is often interpreted as a bad omen. Some people will avoid going out or starting an important task after seeing such a bird.

Bats

The presence of a bat in the house is often seen as a bad sign. People believe it can bring bad luck or illness.

Days of the Week

Certain days of the week are considered more auspicious or unlucky for undertaking specific tasks. For instance, some avoid starting a journey or an important project on Tuesday, which is considered an unlucky day.

Medallions and Talismans

Wearing medallions with Quranic verses or protective amulets is a common practice to guard against evil spirits and attract good fortune.

Open Scissors

Leaving scissors open is believed to invite disputes and discord. People always make sure to close scissors after use.

Henna

Used in many ceremonies, henna is also considered a good luck charm. Applying henna, especially on the hands and feet, is believed to protect against the evil eye and attract good fortune.

These superstitions are often passed down from generation to generation and are an integral part of Algerian culture. They reflect the deeply rooted beliefs and values in the society and play an important role in the daily lives of Algerians.

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Festivals in Algeria

Algeria, rich in cultural diversity and history, celebrates numerous festivals throughout the year. Here are the main holidays in Algerian society:

Aid el-Fitr (عيد الفطر)

Celebrated at the end of Ramadan, this festival marks the end of fasting and is one of the most important for Muslims. It is characterized by special prayers, family meals, and the exchange of gifts.

Aid el-Adha (عيد الأضحى)

Also known as the Festival of Sacrifice, it commemorates Ibrahim’s (Abraham’s) willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience to God. Families sacrifice a sheep and share the meat with the poor and their relatives.

Mouloud (المولد النبوي)

The celebration of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. It is marked by prayers, recitations of religious poems, and community gatherings.

Yennayer (ينّاير)

The Berber New Year, celebrated on January 12, is a traditional Amazigh festival. The festivities include special meals, dances, and traditional songs.

Achoura (عاشوراء)

Observed on the 10th day of the month of Muharram, Achoura is a day of fasting for Sunnis in remembrance of Moses’ crossing of the Red Sea. For Shiites, it is a day of mourning to commemorate the martyrdom of Hussein ibn Ali.

Independence Day (يوم الاستقلال)

On July 5, Algerians celebrate independence from France, achieved in 1962 after an eight-year war of liberation. The day is marked by parades, official speeches, and fireworks.

Revolution Day (عيد الثورة)

On November 1, this holiday commemorates the start of the war of liberation in 1954. Ceremonies and special events are held to honor the martyrs and fighters of the revolution.

Gregorian New Year

Although less significant than Yennayer, the Gregorian New Year is also celebrated on December 31 with festivities, family meals, and sometimes fireworks.

Labor Day (عيد العمال)

On May 1, Algerian workers celebrate Labor Day with parades, union gatherings, and speeches about workers’ rights.

Victory Day (عيد النصر)

On March 19, this holiday marks the signing of the Évian Accords in 1962, which ended the Algerian War. Ceremonies are held to remember the sacrifices made for freedom and independence.

These holidays reflect the cultural and historical richness of Algeria, blending religious traditions and national celebrations. They are important moments of gathering and celebration for the Algerian people.

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The worst clichés about the Algerian people

Like any other culture, Algerians are often subject to clichés and stereotypes that can be reductive and unfair. Here are some of the worst stereotypes about Algerians:

Violence and Aggressiveness

A persistent stereotype is that Algerians are violent or aggressive. This perception can be exacerbated by historical events or conflicts, but it does not reflect the reality of most Algerians, who are welcoming and peaceful.

Lack of Progress

Some people think that Algeria is a backward country in terms of economic and social development. While Algeria faces challenges, it is also making significant progress and has a rich history of cultural and intellectual contributions.

Exclusively Traditionalist

There is a cliché that Algerians are strictly attached to ancient traditions and unable to adapt to modernity. In reality, Algeria is a blend of traditions and modernity, with a population navigating between both.

Religious Extremism

Some associate Algerians, and Muslims more broadly, with religious extremism. This generalization is not only unfair but also dangerous. The majority of Algerians practice their faith in a moderate and respectful manner.

Inhospitality

Another stereotype is that Algerians are inhospitable to foreigners. In reality, hospitality is a central value in Algerian culture, and visitors often find a warm and generous welcome.

Widespread Corruption

While corruption is a recognized issue in Algeria, it is unfair to paint the entire population or government with the same brush. Many Algerians fight against corruption and work towards a more transparent and equitable future.

Laziness

There is a cliché that Algerians are lazy or lack ambition. In reality, many Algerians work hard, both in their own country and abroad, and they contribute significantly to their communities.

Machismo

Some stereotypes suggest that Algerian society is extremely macho. While patriarchy exists, there are also many women and men actively working for gender equality and women’s rights in Algeria.

Lack of Culture

Some clichés depict Algerians as uncultured or ignorant of foreign cultures. On the contrary, Algeria has a rich cultural and historical tradition, and Algerians are often well-informed and educated about the wider world.

Problematic Immigrants

In Europe and elsewhere, there are negative stereotypes about Algerian immigrants, associating them with social or economic problems. These generalizations overlook the many positive contributions Algerians make in their host countries.

These stereotypes are not only false but can also harm interpersonal and international relationships. It is important to recognize and challenge these stereotypes to better understand and appreciate the diversity and richness of Algerian culture.

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Newspapers, Radios, Televisions in Algeria

Algeria has a diverse media landscape comprising newspapers, radio stations, and television channels. Here is a list of the main Algerian media outlets:

Newspapers

El Moudjahid: One of the oldest Algerian newspapers, published in French. It is often perceived as close to the government.

El Watan: A daily newspaper in French, known for its independent journalism and in-depth analysis articles.

Liberté: Another daily newspaper in French, offering reports, analyses, and opinions.

Le Soir d’Algérie: A French-language daily renowned for its opinion pieces and investigations.

El Khabar: One of the most popular newspapers in Arabic, known for its independence and thorough reporting.

El Chourouk: A daily newspaper in Arabic with a large audience, often perceived as conservative.

Echorouk El Yawmi: Another major daily in Arabic, covering a variety of topics from politics to society.

Radio Stations

Radio Algérienne: The national broadcasting organization, comprising several stations such as Chaîne 1 (in Arabic), Chaîne 2 (in Berber), and Chaîne 3 (in French).

Radio M: An online radio station known for its debates and analysis programs.

Jil FM: A radio station targeting a young audience with music, news, and entertainment shows.

Radio Culture: A station dedicated to culture, broadcasting programs on art, literature, and music.

Television Channels

ENTV (Entreprise Nationale de Télévision): The public television network, with several channels under its umbrella such as Canal Algérie (French-speaking) and A3 (Arabic-speaking).

El Djazairia One: A popular private channel, broadcasting a variety of programs including news, entertainment shows, and soap operas.

Echorouk TV: The television channel affiliated with the Echorouk newspaper, broadcasting in Arabic with varied programming.

El Bilad TV: A private channel offering news, debates, and social programs.

Ennahar TV: A 24-hour news channel, very popular for its news bulletins and current affairs programs.

Berbère Télévision: A channel dedicated to Berber culture, broadcasting in Berber and French.

KBC (KBC News): A news channel offering in-depth news and analysis on national and international topics.

These media outlets play a crucial role in shaping public opinion in Algeria, offering a variety of perspectives and content to cater to the diverse interests of the population.

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The greatest Algerian sportsmen and women

Algeria has produced many renowned athletes, both men and women, across various sports disciplines. Here is a list of the greatest Algerian athletes from all disciplines:

Athletics

Noureddine Morceli: A middle-distance runner, he won gold in the 1500 meters at the 1996 Olympics and held several world records.

Taoufik Makhloufi: Olympic champion in the 1500 meters at the London 2012 Olympics and silver medalist in both the 800 and 1500 meters at the Rio 2016 Olympics.

Hassiba Boulmerka: Olympic champion in the 1500 meters at the Barcelona 1992 Olympics. She also won world titles, becoming a pioneer for Algerian women in sports.

Football

Rabah Madjer: Famous for his back-heel goal in the 1987 European Cup final with FC Porto. He was also a key player for the Algerian national team.

Lakhdar Belloumi: Considered one of the greatest Algerian footballers of all time, he scored a historic goal against West Germany in the 1982 World Cup.

Riyad Mahrez: A Manchester City player, he won the Premier League with Leicester City in 2016 and is one of the top current Algerian players.

Handball

Sofiane Lalami: One of Algeria’s best handball players, he has made significant contributions to the sport in Algeria with his remarkable performances.

Judo

Abderrahmane Hammad: Bronze medalist in high jump at the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Though primarily a high jumper, he also excelled in judo.

Boxing

Hocine Soltani: Gold medalist at the Atlanta 1996 Olympics and bronze medalist at Barcelona 1992.

Tennis

Lamine Ouahab: Though he primarily represented Morocco later in his career, he was born in Algeria and had a notable career on the professional circuit.

Athletics (Paralympic)

Samir Nouioua: Paralympic champion and multiple medalist in middle-distance running at the Paralympic Games.

Motorsport

Amine Nacif: A rally driver who represented Algeria on the international stage, notably in the Dakar Rally.

Wrestling

Mohamed Fawzi Moussouni: A Greco-Roman wrestling champion who won several medals at the African Games and African Championships.

Swimming

Salim Iles: A sprinter specializing in freestyle, he represented Algeria in several international competitions, including the Olympics.

These athletes have made significant contributions to the history of sports in Algeria and have brought international recognition to the country in their respective disciplines.

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Algerian actors and actresses and personalities in the world of cinema

Actors:

Mohamed Fellag: An actor and comedian known for his roles in « Mascarades » and « Vive la France. »

Khaled: A singer and actor, famous for his role in the film « Le Caire, nid d’espions. »

Lyes Salem: An actor and director, known for « Mascarades » and « L’Oranais. »

Roschdy Zem: A Franco-Algerian actor, winner of the César Award for Best Actor for « Indigènes. »

Sami Bouajila: An actor of Tunisian-Algerian descent, also awarded a César for « Indigènes. »

Actresses:

Sofia Boutella: A dancer and actress known for her roles in « Kingsman, » « The Mummy, » and « Climax. »

Biyouna: An actress and singer, an icon of Algerian cinema, known for « Rachida » and « Viva Laldjérie. »

Amel Bouchoucha: An actress and singer popular for her roles in Algerian television series.

Historical Figures:

Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina: An Algerian director, winner of the Palme d’Or at Cannes for « Chronicle of the Years of Fire. »

Merzak Allouache: A director and screenwriter known for his socially engaged films like « Bab El Oued City » and « The Rooftops. »

These personalities represent a part of the richness and diversity of Algerian cinema and theater, contributing both to the national cultural scene and to international recognition in the world of cinema.

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Outfits in Algeria

In Algeria, traditional clothing and accessories for men and women vary depending on the regions and local cultures. Here is a list of the main traditional clothing and accessories worn by men and women:

For Men:

Djellaba: A long, loose robe with or without a hood, primarily worn for comfort and protection from the sun.

Gandoura: A loose robe often made of cotton or linen, worn at home or during informal occasions.

Burnous: A traditional wool coat with a hood, used for protection against the cold in mountainous regions.

Chechia: A traditional red felt hat, often worn with a tassel on top.

Fouta: A lightweight cotton cloth worn around the waist, particularly in the southern regions as everyday wear.

Babouches: Traditional soft leather shoes, often decorated with embroidery, worn indoors and sometimes outdoors.

Sarouel: Loose and comfortable pants, sometimes worn under the djellaba or gandoura.

For Women:

Haïk: A traditional white veil worn to cover the entire body in some regions, especially in coastal areas.

Karhwa: A long scarf or shawl worn over the head for protection from the sun and wind.

Melhfa: A long, loose cloth wrapped around the body, mainly in the south to protect from the sun and sand.

Karakou: An Algiers wedding outfit comprising a jacket with golden embroidery and a matching long skirt.

Haïk Kabyle: A large shawl worn by women in Kabylie to cover the head and sometimes the shoulders.

Seroual: Loose pants, sometimes paired with a dress or tunic, often worn during special occasions or in rural areas.

Babouches: Soft leather shoes, sometimes decorated with colorful patterns, worn indoors or during celebrations.

Common Accessories for Men and Women:

Khamsa (Hand of Fatima): A hand-shaped amulet often worn as a pendant for good luck and protection against the evil eye.

Silver Jewelry: Necklaces, bracelets, and earrings often adorned with Berber or Kabyle motifs.

Embroidered Belts: Traditional belts made of leather or embroidered fabric, worn with djellabas and gandouras for a decorative look.

Chèches: Light cotton or linen scarves worn around the neck or head for protection from the sun or wind.

These clothing items and accessories showcase the cultural diversity and rich traditions that characterize fashion in Algeria, influenced by the varied climates and historical heritages of the different regions of the country.

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The main Algerian cities

Algiers: Algiers, the capital of Algeria, is located on the northern coast of the country, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea. Known for its unique architectural blend, the city showcases its Ottoman and French colonial past through buildings like the Casbah, a labyrinthine old city perched on a hill. The Casbah is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a true historical treasure with its narrow streets, ancient mosques, and Ottoman palaces. Algiers also has a modern ambiance with its wide boulevards, bustling cafes, and attractive waterfront, offering a magnificent view of the Bay of Algiers.

Oran: Oran, located on the northwestern coast of Algeria, is the country’s second-largest city. Founded by the Spanish in the 16th century, the city has a long history under Spanish, Ottoman, and French rule. Oran is famous for its well-preserved French colonial architecture, particularly in the La Montagne district and the city center. The city is also known for its vibrant cultural life, with music festivals, theaters, and a dynamic arts scene. Beautiful beaches like Madagh and the lively corniche add to Oran’s tourist appeal.

Constantine: Constantine, often called the « City of Suspended Bridges, » is located in eastern Algeria. It is renowned for its spectacular position on a rocky plateau surrounded by the gorges of the Rhumel River. The city is connected by several iconic suspension bridges, including the Sidi M’Cid Bridge, which offers breathtaking views of the deep gorges. Constantine boasts remarkable Moorish architecture, historic palaces, and ancient mosques like the Great Mosque of Constantine. It is also famous for its traditional crafts, including pottery and copperwork.

Tlemcen: Tlemcen, located in northwestern Algeria near the Moroccan border, is a historic city famous for its Andalusian Islamic architecture and artistic heritage. The city is home to ancient mosques like the Great Mosque of Tlemcen, with its stucco decorations and lush gardens. The narrow streets of the old town are filled with traditional houses adorned with colorful tiles and carved wooden doors. Tlemcen is also renowned for its music, art, and poetry, as well as its historic gardens like the El Mechouar Garden.

Annaba: Annaba, situated on the northeastern coast of Algeria, is a port city with a rich history dating back to antiquity. It is home to the well-preserved ruins of Hippo, an ancient Roman city listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Annaba is also known for its golden sandy beaches, such as Rizzi Amor Beach and Saint-Cloud Beach, which attract locals and tourists seeking relaxation and leisure. The city has a lively downtown with cafes, restaurants, and shops, as well as historical sites like the Basilica of St. Augustine and the Hippo Museum.

Tipaza: Tipaza is a coastal town west of Algiers, known for its impressive Roman ruins and picturesque Mediterranean landscape. The archaeological site of Tipaza, a UNESCO World Heritage site, includes well-preserved Roman ruins such as temples, baths, and an ancient theater, highlighting the historical importance of the city during the Roman Empire. Tipaza is also appreciated for its fine sandy beaches lined with umbrella pines, offering an idyllic setting for relaxation and enjoyment of the Algerian coastline.

Tamanrasset: Tamanrasset is an oasis city located in the heart of the Algerian Sahara, in the Hoggar Mountains. Known for its spectacular desert landscape, Tamanrasset is a popular starting point for expeditions to the Hoggar, where visitors can discover unique rock formations, prehistoric rock carvings, and traditional Tuareg villages. The city itself is surrounded by imposing mountains and verdant palm groves, offering a striking contrast to the surrounding desert.

Ghardaïa: Ghardaïa is an oasis city in the central Sahara, known for its unique traditional Berber architecture. The old town of Ghardaïa, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is built on a steep hill and divided into several quarters (ksours) connected by narrow alleys and covered passageways. The ochre-colored mud-brick houses are characteristic of the local architecture, providing a remarkable example of construction adapted to the extreme climatic conditions of the desert.

Bejaia: Bejaia, located on the eastern coast of Algeria, is a port city with a long history dating back to antiquity. The city is known for its picturesque old town with traditional stone houses and narrow cobblestone streets. Bejaia boasts several beautiful beaches like Madrague Beach and Tichy Beach, attracting visitors seeking sun and sea. The historic port of Bejaia also features well-preserved French colonial buildings, reflecting the French influence in the region.

Sétif: Sétif, located in the High Plateaus region east of Algiers, is a modern city with a rich history dating back to antiquity. The city is known for its archaeological sites such as the Roman ruins of Djemila, a UNESCO World Heritage site, as well as for its vibrant cultural scene with annual festivals and artistic events. Sétif is also renowned for its textile industry and traditional crafts, including pottery and embroidery, reflecting the Berber art and culture of the region.

Each city in Algeria offers a unique experience, whether through its fascinating history, remarkable architecture, spectacular natural landscapes, or vibrant culture, making Algeria a rich and diverse destination for visitors and a dynamic place to live for its residents.

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Algerian national pride

Algerian national pride is composed of several core values that are dear to the hearts of the Algerian people. Here are some of the values that contribute to this national pride:

Independence and Sovereignty: Algeria gained its independence after a national liberation struggle against French colonialism, which strengthened the sense of national pride among Algerians. The sovereignty of the country is an essential value, representing Algeria’s ability to determine its own destiny.

Unity and Solidarity: National unity and solidarity among the different regions, ethnicities, and religions in Algeria are crucial for social cohesion and national strength. Despite cultural, linguistic, and religious diversities, Algerians share a strong sense of unity and solidarity in the face of common challenges.

Dignity and Resilience: Personal and national dignity is a central value in Algerian culture. Resilience in the face of historical, political, and economic adversities is a characteristic that reinforces national pride, demonstrating the Algerian people’s ability to overcome challenges.

Cultural and Historical Heritage: Algeria has a rich cultural and historical heritage, reflected in its architectural heritage, arts, music, literature, and traditions. The preservation and promotion of this cultural heritage are sources of national pride and contribute to Algerian identity.

Social Justice and Equality: The pursuit of social justice, equality, and rights for all Algerian citizens is a pillar of national pride. Movements for civil and political rights, as well as for the improvement of living conditions for all Algerians, are expressions of this value.

Economic Sovereignty: Algeria’s ability to manage its natural and economic resources independently is a source of pride. Self-sufficiency in key sectors such as the oil and gas industry strengthens the country’s economic sovereignty.

Education and Knowledge: The importance of education and knowledge is crucial in Algerian society. Access to education and the promotion of knowledge are values that foster personal and national development, thus contributing to national pride.

These values are deeply embedded in Algerian culture and history, shaping the national identity and nurturing a strong sense of pride among Algerians, both within the country and throughout the Algerian diaspora abroad.

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Algerian TV series

El Khottab Al Bab: An Algerian drama series that highlights traditional values and contemporary challenges faced by Algerian families. It has been very popular in Algeria.

Chafia: A historical series set during the Algerian War of Independence, telling the story of a young woman engaged in the fight for freedom.

Lalla Fatima: A series addressing social and family issues in Algeria through the main character, Lalla Fatima, a strong and determined woman.

Les Inséparables: A comedy series that follows the adventures of two friends, showcasing humor and social relationships in Algeria.

Hassan Taxi: A humorous series depicting the adventures of a taxi driver in Algiers, exploring the comedic aspects of everyday life.

These television series have each contributed to the Algerian television scene by addressing social, historical, and cultural themes relevant to the Algerian audience. They also reflect the challenges and realities of contemporary Algerian society.

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Algerian influencers

Lyna Mahyem: Lyna Mahyem is a prominent Algerian influencer on social media, particularly Instagram. She stands out for her diverse content in fashion, beauty, and lifestyle. Her posts captivate a broad audience thanks to her unique style and practical tips, which are highly popular among her many followers.

Malik Tahar: Malik Tahar is a renowned Algerian influencer on YouTube, recognized for his sharp humor and authentic vlogs about daily life in Algeria. His videos, often humorous and satirical, cover a variety of topics that resonate with his audience, earning him a significant community of followers on the platform.

Yasmine Guenancia: Yasmine Guenancia is an emerging figure in the fashion and beauty sector in Algeria. As a blogger and influencer on Instagram, she regularly shares style tips, makeup tutorials, and fashion inspirations that captivate her numerous followers with visually appealing and inspiring content.

Anes Tina: Anes Tina is a very popular comedian in Algeria, known for his comedic sketches that offer a humorous satire on the social and cultural aspects of the country. His ability to use humor to tackle serious topics has earned him great popularity on YouTube, where his videos captivate a large audience.

Asmaa Benhaddou: Asmaa Benhaddou is an Algerian influencer active in fitness and lifestyle. On social media, she shares her personal fitness journey, health and wellness tips, and workout routines that inspire and motivate her community to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

Dz Joker: Dz Joker is another major influencer on YouTube in Algeria, known for his comedic videos that sarcastically and humorously address the social and political realities of the country. His entertaining and sometimes critical content has earned him a significant place in the Algerian media landscape.

Manal Benchlikha: Manal Benchlikha is an emerging figure in the digital influence scene in Algeria. Active on Instagram, she shares her lifestyle, travels, and fashion tips while captivating her audience with her unique personality and visual aesthetics, which have earned her a loyal fan base.

Sihem Benchekroun: Sihem Benchekroun is an Algerian journalist and influencer who uses her social platforms to discuss current affairs and social issues in Algeria. Her commitment to providing in-depth analyses and insightful perspectives on important topics has earned her significant recognition among the country’s influencers.

Each of these personalities contributes to enriching the digital influence scene in Algeria through their unique content and their ability to connect with a wide audience.

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Algeria’s international allies

Algeria’s key international allies include several countries and organizations with which it maintains significant political, economic, and strategic relations. Here are some of Algeria’s primary allies:

France: Despite a complex colonial history, France is a major trading partner of Algeria, and the two countries maintain close diplomatic and economic relations.

China: China is a crucial commercial partner for Algeria, particularly in the energy, infrastructure, and telecommunications sectors. The relationship between the two countries has strengthened over the years.

Russia: Algeria has strategic relations with Russia, especially in military and energy cooperation. Russia is a significant arms supplier to Algeria.

United States: While the relationship between Algeria and the United States can be complex, the two countries cooperate on regional security issues, including counter-terrorism and stability in the Sahel.

Germany: Germany is an important commercial and economic partner for Algeria, with exchanges in various industrial sectors and growing cooperation in renewable energy.

European Union: Algeria maintains relations with the European Union (EU) through various economic and political agreements, particularly in trade, development, and migration.

African Union: Algeria is an active member of the African Union (AU) and plays a significant role in promoting peace and security in Africa, particularly in the Sahel region.

Arab League: As a founding member of the Arab League, Algeria maintains close relations with other Arab countries on common political, economic, and cultural issues.

United Nations: Algeria actively participates in United Nations (UN) activities and supports international efforts for conflict resolution, human rights, and sustainable development worldwide.

South Africa: Algeria has friendly relations with South Africa, with shared interests in peace and development issues in Africa.

These international partnerships illustrate Algeria’s commitment to playing a constructive role on the global stage and strengthening its ties with various countries and organizations around the world.

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The most beautiful places to see in Algeria

Algiers, the Capital: Algiers, the capital of Algeria, is a captivating city that blends history, culture, and modernity. The Casbah of Algiers, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is one of its highlights, with its narrow streets, traditional houses, and historic mosques. The Grande Poste is a masterpiece of Moorish architecture, while the Basilica of Our Lady of Africa offers panoramic views of the Bay of Algiers. The National Museum of Fine Arts houses a rich collection of Algerian and international art. Algiers is also renowned for its delicious cuisine, colorful markets, and unique Mediterranean atmosphere.

Tamanrasset and the Hoggar Mountains: Tamanrasset is the main city in southern Algeria, surrounded by the majestic Hoggar Mountains. This mountain range offers spectacular desert landscapes, with rocky plateaus, sand dunes, and prehistoric rock paintings. The gorges and canyons of the Hoggar are impressive, and hiking or 4×4 tours allow for exploring its unique scenery. Tamanrasset is also a cultural hub for the Tuareg people, known for their crafts, traditional costumes, and legendary hospitality.

Oran: Oran, on the western coast of Algeria, is a lively port city known for its picturesque bay and beautiful beaches. Oran’s waterfront offers spectacular views of the Mediterranean and is a popular promenade spot. The Pasha’s Mosque, built in the 18th century, and the Spanish fortress of Santa Cruz provide interesting historical perspectives. The city is also famous for its Rai music, which originated here, and its vibrant cultural scene with festivals, theaters, and art galleries.

Constantine: Constantine, nicknamed the « City of Suspended Bridges, » is situated on a rocky plateau above the gorges of the Rhummel River. The city is famous for its suspension bridges, including the Sidi M’Cid Bridge, which offers breathtaking views of the deep gorges and the city itself. The narrow streets of Constantine are full of charm, with white houses and ancient mosques. The city also hosts the Cirta Museum, showcasing archaeological artifacts from the region.

Tlemcen: Tlemcen, located in the mountains of the western Rif, is known for its Islamic and Andalusian architecture. The Great Mosque of Tlemcen, with its minarets and stucco decorations, is a masterpiece of Algerian architecture. The El Mechouar Palace and its gardens house important historical remnants. Tlemcen is also famous for its thermal springs and natural parks, such as the Tlemcen National Park, where visitors can enjoy the natural beauty of the mountains and waterfalls.

Djémila: Djémila, located in the Aurès Mountains, is a well-preserved Roman archaeological site. The ancient city of Djémila, meaning « the beautiful » in Arabic, is famous for its Roman theater, temples, basilicas, and well-preserved Roman houses. The site offers panoramic views of the surrounding mountains and is an exceptional example of Roman urban planning in North Africa. Djémila has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1982.

Tipaza: Tipaza, located on the Mediterranean coast west of Algiers, is an ancient Phoenician and well-preserved Roman city. The ruins of Tipaza include an ancient theater, Roman baths, seaside villas, and remnants of colorful mosaics. The archaeological site is bordered by a deep blue sea, offering a picturesque setting to explore the region’s ancient history. Tipaza is also renowned for its golden sandy beaches and secluded coves.

Ghardaïa and the M’Zab Valley: Ghardaïa is located in the M’Zab Valley, an oasis in the heart of the Algerian Sahara. The ksour (fortified villages) of the M’Zab are a unique example of Berber architecture, with their hive-shaped houses built of rammed earth. The villages of Beni Isguen, Ghardaïa, Melika, and El Atteuf are perched on the mountains and offer panoramic views of palm groves and surrounding sand dunes. The M’Zab is a UNESCO World Heritage site for its cultural and architectural value.

Annaba and the Ruins of Hippo: Annaba, on Algeria’s eastern coast, is a historic port city known for the ruins of ancient Roman Hippo. Founded by the Phoenicians in the 12th century BC, Hippo later became a flourishing Roman city with its theater, baths, amphitheater, and the Basilica of Saint Augustine. The ruins offer a fascinating glimpse into daily life under the Roman Empire in North Africa. Annaba is also renowned for its fine sandy beaches and pleasant Mediterranean climate.

Chott el Djerid: Chott el Djerid is a vast salt lake located in southwestern Algeria, in the Sahara Desert. The landscape of Chott el Djerid is extremely picturesque, with stretches of white salt and mirages forming on the horizon. The colors of the sky at sunrise and sunset create magical reflections on the surface of the salt lake. Chott el Djerid is a popular destination for desert landscape enthusiasts and photographers, offering a unique experience in the heart of the Sahara.

These ten locations offer a variety of captivating experiences in Algeria, ranging from historic cities to spectacular desert landscapes, lively coastal towns, and verdant oases. Each region of Algeria possesses a cultural and natural richness waiting to be explored and appreciated.

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Favorite activity and pastime of Algerians

Football: Football is much more than just a sport in Algeria; it is a national passion that unites millions of people. Algerians fervently support their national team, the « Fennecs, » and also passionately follow the performances of local and international clubs. Football matches are major social events, where supporters gather in cafes, stadiums, and even at home to cheer for their favorite teams through victories and defeats.

Mint Tea: Mint tea is much more than just a beverage in Algeria; it is a deeply rooted social ritual. Sharing mint tea is an occasion for conviviality, discussions, and gatherings with family or friends. It is often a sign of hospitality and a warm welcome for visitors.

Hiking and Trekking: Algeria offers a diverse range of landscapes ideal for hiking and trekking. The Aurès Mountains, the Sahara dunes, the forests of Kabylie, and the verdant valleys in the north provide unique opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts. Algerians love exploring these natural spaces, admiring the spectacular panoramas, and discovering the local wildlife and flora.

Rai Music: Rai is an iconic musical genre that originated in Algeria, particularly associated with the city of Oran. It is a rhythmic and expressive music that often conveys the joys and sorrows of daily life. Algerians are proud of their musical heritage and love listening to and dancing to Rai songs during parties, weddings, and social events.

Cuisine: Algerian cuisine is renowned for its diversity and rich flavors. Dishes like couscous, tagines, skewers (merguez), various salads, and pastries like baklavas and makrouds are highly appreciated. Cooking and sharing meals with family or friends is an important social activity, where traditional recipes are passed down from generation to generation.

Cultural Visits: Algeria is full of fascinating historical and cultural sites that attract both national and international visitors. The Casbah of Algiers, a UNESCO World Heritage site, the Roman ruins of Timgad, the ksour (fortified villages) of the M’Zab, and the numerous museums and mosques across the country are treasures that testify to Algeria’s rich and diverse history.

Fishing: With its long Mediterranean coastline and inland lakes, Algeria offers excellent fishing opportunities. Algerians enjoy this activity both as a leisure pursuit and as a means of livelihood in some regions. Mediterranean fish like sea bream, sea bass, and sardines are popular, as well as freshwater fishing for local species.

Shopping and Markets: Traditional markets (souks) are lively places where Algerians love to shop. They offer local products such as fresh fruits and vegetables, spices, carpets, pottery, traditional clothing, and crafts. These markets are not only shopping spots but also venues for cultural exchange and social interaction.

Board Games: Traditional board games like dominoes, cards (tarot, belote), and tawla (backgammon) are very popular in Algeria. They are often played in cafes, homes, and during family gatherings. These games are appreciated for their social and competitive aspects, where players of all ages can participate and have fun.

Cinema and Television: Watching movies and television series, whether local or international, is a favorite leisure activity for many Algerians. Algerian films often reflect the cultural and social aspects of the country, while television series offer a variety of entertainment ranging from historical dramas to contemporary comedies.

These activities are essential elements of daily life in Algeria, enriching the culture and social fabric of the country. Each activity reflects a different facet of Algerian society, its traditions, and its dynamism.

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French Telecom Operators in Algeria: A Market in Full Evolution

With its 44 million inhabitants, Algeria represents an attractive market for telecom operators, thanks to a young and connected population. At the heart of this dynamic market, French telecom operators play a crucial role, seeking to expand their presence and capture a share of the constantly evolving market. This article explores the presence of French operators in Algeria, their impact on the market, and the challenges they face.

The Telecom Market Context in Algeria

The Algerian telecommunications market is dominated by three major operators: Algérie Télécom Mobile (Mobilis), Orascom Télécom Algérie (Djezzy), and Wataniya Télécom Algérie (Ooredoo). Despite this strong competition, several French operators have managed to establish themselves through strategic partnerships and attractive offers.

The Major French Players

Orange

Partnership: In 2015, Orange established a strategic partnership with Algérie Télécom to offer enhanced telecommunications services. Although Orange is not directly present as an operator, it plays a key role in developing telecom infrastructure in Algeria.
Offers and Services: Orange provides enterprise telecommunications services, particularly in information and communication technology (ICT) and connectivity solutions.

res’o: Out of respect for our readers and to avoid any ambiguity about possible disguised advertising on our part, we include a sample review on ORANGE published on Trustpilot.

“Catastrophic customer service. As a loyal customer of Orange for many years, I unfortunately note that customer service has deteriorated to reach a catastrophic level. However, the rates have not decreased either! Fraudulent and deceptive practices by the sales department, and completely incompetent customer service and claims department. I am now forced to initiate proceedings against this operator because of an error on their part that they are unable to take responsibility for. I advise you to go to another operator; the customer service will not be better, but you will pay significantly less.”

Experience Date: July 31, 2024

SFR (Société Française du Radiotéléphone)

Impact: SFR has also shown interest in the Algerian market, although it does not operate directly in the country. The company focuses on improving international roaming for Algerian travelers going to France, offering competitive rates for calls and mobile Internet.
Strategy: By working closely with local operators, SFR aims to provide a seamless user experience for Algerians using their services in France.

res’o: Out of respect for our readers and to avoid any ambiguity about possible disguised advertising on our part, we include a sample review on SFR published on Trustpilot.

“Irresponsible and ineffective customer service. Since July 24, I have had no connection. Every day, with each call, a new representative who does not listen and makes up their own story… but nothing concrete. No after-sales service! Contradictory emails and text messages. Telephone appointments, but no technical intervention. The technician does not have a van to come and make the repair… utter nonsense!!! No possibility of opening any complaint without going through this telephone service. I have been with SFR for many years, but this situation prompts me to consider the competition…. It’s lamentable.”

Experience Date: July 31, 2024

Bouygues Telecom

Presence: Bouygues Telecom does not have a direct presence in Algeria, but the operator strives to strengthen business ties with Algerian companies to provide advanced communication solutions.
Specific Offers: By offering solutions such as telecommunications service management for large companies and SMEs, Bouygues Telecom seeks to establish a lasting presence in the market.

res’o: Out of respect for our readers and to avoid any ambiguity about possible disguised advertising on our part, we add our consumer review.

“As users of BOUYGUES TELECOM, we find current customer service up to par, even though in a previous contract, through a sleight of hand by their commercial geniuses, we were never refunded the termination fees. However, their partnership with Algeria, among others, gives a human face to their services.”

Innovative Offers and Services

French telecom operators bring added value to the Algerian market with innovative offers, such as:

Low-Cost Roaming: Reduced rates for international calls between France and Algeria, facilitating communication for Algerian diasporas in France.
Telecommunication Services for Businesses: Provision of advanced communication services for businesses, including cloud computing services, virtual private networks (VPN), and cybersecurity solutions.
Research and Development Collaboration: Partnerships with Algerian universities and institutions to innovate in telecommunications and train future talent.

Challenges and Opportunities

Challenges

Local Competition: French operators face fierce competition from well-established local operators, who benefit from an in-depth understanding of the market and customer loyalty.
Strict Regulations: The regulatory framework in Algeria is stringent and imposes restrictions on foreign ownership and business operations, which may limit the ability of French operators to expand.

Opportunities

Growth in Data Demand: With the increasing use of smartphones and mobile Internet, there is strong demand for high-quality data services, offering a significant opportunity for French operators.
Digitization: Algeria is transitioning to a digital economy, creating opportunities for French operators to provide innovative services and support this transformation.

Future Prospects

In the future, French telecom operators in Algeria will need to continue to innovate and adapt to the changing needs of consumers. Collaboration with local players will be essential to overcoming challenges and taking advantage of opportunities offered by this dynamic market. By strengthening their strategic partnerships and investing in cutting-edge technologies, French operators can play a key role in the evolution of the telecommunications sector in Algeria.

This market, although complex, offers numerous possibilities for French telecom operators eager to invest and innovate. By remaining agile and adapting to local needs, these companies can significantly contribute to improving telecom infrastructure and Algeria’s economic development.

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Algeria : Chaoui culture

The Chaoui culture, deeply rooted in the rugged mountains of the Aurès in Algeria, is a treasure trove of history and traditions dating back several millennia. The Chaouis, one of the most emblematic Berber groups in the region, are distinguished by their language, Chaoui, a variant of Tamazight, the language of the Amazigh, the indigenous people of North Africa. Although this language is now threatened by globalization and the dominance of official languages such as Arabic and French, it remains a pillar of Chaoui identity, passed down from generation to generation.

The cultural heritage of the Chaouis vibrantly manifests itself through music, dance, and craftsmanship. Chaoui music, often driven by the sounds of the bendir, a traditional drum, and the gasba, a reed flute, tells stories of love, bravery, and resistance. The traditional dance called « Ahidus, » characterized by its harmonious movements and polyphonic chants, is often performed at ceremonies and festivities, reflecting the communal and festive spirit of the Chaoui people. This dance, a strong symbol of unity and social cohesion, is accompanied by songs in the Chaoui language that celebrate the beauty of nature and the history of their ancestors.

Chaoui craftsmanship is another testament to the ingenuity and skill of this people. The Chaoui carpet, with its distinctive geometric patterns and vivid colors, is handwoven by the women of the region. Each carpet tells a story, integrating symbols representing wildlife, flora, and ancestral beliefs. These works of art are not only a means of livelihood for many families but also a vehicle for transmitting Chaoui culture and values. The craftsmanship also includes pottery, basket weaving, and the creation of silver jewelry adorned with Berber motifs.

Festivals, such as the one held in Timgad, are major events celebrating Chaoui culture and offering a glimpse into ancient customs and rituals. The Timgad Festival, held annually at the archaeological site of the Roman city of the same name, is a fascinating blend of ancient traditions and modern manifestations. It brings together artists from across Algeria and other countries, highlighting the richness and diversity of Chaoui culture through music performances, dance, and craft exhibitions.

Chaoui cuisine, simple yet flavorful, is another essential aspect of this culture. Traditional dishes such as « chakchouka, » a spicy ratatouille, and « berkoukes, » a type of large-grain couscous, are prepared with local ingredients and spices reflecting the diversity of the Chaoui terroir. Meals are often shared with family or guests, illustrating the importance of hospitality in Chaoui culture. Aromatic herbs and local spices, such as cumin and paprika, add depth of flavor to the dishes, making Chaoui cuisine both comforting and memorable.

In the face of the challenges posed by modernity and globalization, Chaoui culture continues to thrive thanks to initiatives aimed at preserving the language and ancestral traditions. Cultural and educational associations work towards revitalizing the Chaoui language by integrating it into school programs and organizing language workshops for younger generations. Additionally, festivals and cultural events are organized to raise public awareness of the richness of Chaoui culture and encourage young people to engage in preserving their heritage.

In conclusion, Chaoui culture is a treasure of Algerian heritage, reflecting a rich history and a unique and resilient identity. Despite external pressures, it continues to assert its place in the Algerian cultural landscape and beyond, thanks to the commitment of its cultural guardians who ensure that Chaoui traditions and language are preserved for future generations. The Chaouis, with their proud heritage and unwavering determination, remain a symbol of the diversity and cultural richness of Algeria.

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Independence: Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962 after a long and brutal war, marking a significant turning point in its modern history.

Sahara: The Sahara Desert covers a large part of Algeria, offering breathtaking landscapes and hosting oases and nomadic peoples.

Casbah: The historic quarter of Algiers, the Casbah is a UNESCO World Heritage site, famous for its Islamic architecture and its labyrinth of narrow streets.

Raï: A genre of popular Algerian music that blends traditional and modern styles, often associated with social and political themes.

Tuareg: Nomadic people of the Sahara, known for their unique traditions, craftsmanship, and their striking indigo blue clothing.

Couscous: A staple traditional dish in Algerian cuisine, often served with meat and vegetables, and shared during family gatherings.

Aurès: A mountain range in eastern Algeria, inhabited by the Chaoui Berbers, rich in history and natural landscapes.

Numidia: An ancient Berber kingdom that occupied part of present-day Algeria, offering a glimpse into the pre-Roman history of the region.

Hoggar: A mountain massif in the central Sahara, near the town of Tamanrasset, known for its spectacular rock formations and its cultural significance to the Tuaregs.

Hirak: A peaceful protest movement that began in 2019, aiming to bring political and social reforms to Algeria.

Algeria

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Favorite activity and pastime of Algerians

French Telecom Operators in Algeria: A Market in Full Evolution

The Telecom Market Context in Algeria

The Major French Players

Orange

SFR (Société Française du Radiotéléphone)

Bouygues Telecom

Innovative Offers and Services

Challenges and Opportunities

Challenges

Opportunities

Future Prospects

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